Pelanggaran Moralitas dalam Konflik Israel-Hamas: Operasi Badai Al-Aqsa dan Operasi Pedang Besi

Abstract

The conflict between Israel and Hamas escalated again after Operation Storm Al-Aqsa, carried out by Hamas in October 2023, which was retaliated by Israel with Operation Iron Sword. Both operations resulted in increased tensions between the two parties, resulting in large-scale civilian casualties, which constituted a violation of International Humanitarian Law and the principle of just war. The research in this article aims to examine the forms of legal and moral violations committed by both Hamas and Israel using a descriptive qualitative approach through literature study and case analysis. The results show that Hamas violated the principle of distinction and protection of civilians through surprise attacks without a declaration of war and hostage-taking. Meanwhile, Israel violated the principle of proportionality and the prohibition on attacking civilian objects through aerial bombardment and blockades of access to life and humanitarian aid. This research confirms that Israel and Hamas have failed to comply with the morality and laws of war and emphasizes the importance of upholding International Humanitarian Law in the dynamics of asymmetric warfare.